Optimism or pessimism

In most areas of life it is demonstrably better to be an optimist than a pessimist, especially when the outcome of our efforts is not assured, such as job interviews and athletic competitions. But there are times when it is better to be pessimistic.

That is, always looking on the bright side can blind us to the real dangers we might face. There is a type of defensive pessimism which is attuned to w…